Nostalgia for the kingship (affectatio regni) was considered treasonous. Originally, Rome was ruled by kings after the monarchy was abolished and the Republic established, religious prerogatives were transferred to the patres, the patrician ruling class. Jupiter's association with kingship and sovereignty was reinterpreted as Rome's form of government changed. Some scholars have viewed the triumphator as embodying (or impersonating) Jupiter in the triumphal procession. A similar sacrificial offering was made by triumphal generals, who surrendered the tokens of their victory at the feet of Jupiter's statue in the Capitol. To thank him for his help, and to secure his continued support, they sacrificed a white ox (bos mas) with gilded horns. The consuls swore their oath of office in Jupiter's name, and honoured him on the annual feriae of the Capitol in September. His image in the Republican and Imperial Capitol bore regalia associated with Rome's ancient kings and the highest consular and Imperial honours. Jupiter was "the fount of the auspices upon which the relationship of the city with the gods rested." He personified the divine authority of Rome's highest offices, internal organization, and external relations. The Romans believed that Jupiter granted them supremacy because they had honoured him more than any other people had. 5.1.2 Syncretic or geographical epithets.3.3 Iuppiter Latiaris and Feriae Latinae.
1.4 Jupiter and religion in the secessions of the plebs.In the Capitoline Triad, he was the central guardian of the state with Juno and Minerva. Many of his functions were focused on the Capitoline Hill, where the citadel was located. As the sky-god, he was a divine witness to oaths, the sacred trust on which justice and good government depend. The two emblems were often combined to represent the god in the form of an eagle holding in its claws a thunderbolt, frequently seen on Greek and Roman coins. His identifying implement is the thunderbolt and his primary sacred animal is the eagle, which held precedence over other birds in the taking of auspices and became one of the most common symbols of the Roman army (see Aquila). Jupiter is usually thought to have originated as a sky god. In Roman mythology, he negotiates with Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, to establish principles of Roman religion such as offering, or sacrifice. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until Christianity became the dominant religion of the Empire. Iovis ), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology. Jupiter ( Latin: Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic * djous "day, sky" + * patēr "father", thus " sky father" Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove ( gen.
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